Philosophy of Art Essay

Introduction This paper attempts to establish what practitioners of philosophy can learn from practitioners of Art. In doing so, the paper first looks into art and philosophy so as to offer a clear understanding of the subjects, before turning into the main theme. What is Art?   Ã‚  Ã‚   Even though the above question appears simple, it is interesting and can, and is answered by reverting to the philosophy of art. In addition, art embraces descriptions of beauty, taste, symbolism as well as representation. Philosophy of art also explores the association existing between the individual artist (ideas), and the bigger congregation (audiences, culture, and universe) (Carroll N, 1998). That being the case, what does philosophy of art tell us about art? Some versions assert that art is a creative activity, expression or process of humans. According to Leo Tolstoy ‘Art is that human activity which consists in one human consciously conveying to others, by certain external signs, the feelings he has experienced and in others being affected by those feelings and also experiencing them.’ (Carroll N, 1998). On the other hand, when something is done perfectly or acquainted by study and practice; it is referred to as an art (Carroll N, 1998). For instance, driving a car, dressing in a nice dress, laying a child to sleep or even the art of conversion. In essence, art includes objects developed by humans that have aesthetic value or present symbolic meaning encompassing drawings, paintings as well as sculpture. Thus from the above observations, art can be said to be a symbolic representation of peoples association with nature (reality/environments). It is able to offer the concealed relations between things. It is beauty, it is truth. However, what does truth and beauty imply? This is where philosophy comes in as philosophy is the art of establishing the truth such that this truth is applied to life. In the same manner, art can be based on established truth that express the wonder and beauty of a relationship to the universe as it is acknowledged in the works of Marcel Proust and Henry Mattisse (Diffey T, 1995). ‘Art is a selective recreation of reality according to an artist’s metaphysical value judgments. An artist recreates those aspects of reality which represent his fundamental view of man’s natures.’   Ã‚  (Marcell Proust)( Diffey T, 1995), while Henry Mattisse writes ‘when we speak of nature, it is wrong to forget that we are ourselves a part of nature. We ought to view ourselves with the same curiosity and openness with which we study a tree, the sky or a thought because we too are linked to the entire universe (Diffey T, 1995).’ The different forms of art are visual arts which involve aspects such as painting, photography and sculpture among others, and fine arts which embrace music, dance, theatre, literature, poetry, etc. What is philosophy? As William Thomas points out, ‘Philosophy studies the fundamental nature of existence of man and man’s relationship to existence†¦in the realm of cognition, the special sciences are the trees but philosophy is the soil which makes the forest possible’ (Bender J, 1993). A philosophy is an all inclusive organization of ideas concerning human nature as well as the nature of the truth we live in. it is a guide of living since the subjects it deals with are crucial and enveloping, establishing the course we take in life and how we treat other people. Among the most important field that philosopher’s deal with fall into a number of separate fields. Among them, the most imperatives ones are; metaphysics which deals with the theory of reality, epistemology that connotes the theory of knowledge, ethics which is theory of moral values, politics which is theory of legal rights and government and aesthetics which refers to theory of nature of art (Carroll N, 1998). The vehicle for philosophical guidance is religions such as Buddhism, Christianity, Judaism as well as Islam. Religions vary from philosophers not in the issues they deal with but in the ways they employ to address them. Religions are based on mythic stories that existed earlier before discovery of unequivocally cogent methods of inquiry (Bender J, 1993). The present day religion (majority of) appeal to mystical faith as well as revelation sort of belief that claim legitimacy independent of logic, and the scientific method, at least made for the biggest subjects. However, majority of religions are in their commencement pre-rational as opposed to anti-rational, a story teller’s account of philosophic issues as opposed to scientists (Bender J, 1993). Philosophy in Greek connotes ‘love of wisdom’. Philosophy is founded on rational arguments and appeal to facts (Bender J, 1993). Modern science history began with philosophical enquiries and the scientific method of research and proof is an aspect of the general approach that a philosopher attempts to bring to a question; one that is coherent and vigorous. Philosophy is known to offer deep and wide questions presently. Dealing with the issues in each branch of philosophy calls for integration of everything one knows concerning reality (metaphysics) or humanity (epistemology, ethics, politics and aesthetics) recommending reasonable inclination in philosophy therefore is not a simple job. Frankly, philosophers more often than not disagree about principle subject; some slipping their own positions in the mix as well (Diffey T, 1995). Thus, there is no particular philosophy world wide as is the case with physics, chemistry among other disciplines.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Having clearly distinguished the two disciplines, then we can embark on the issue of what a philosopher can learn from an artist. This calls us to explore the subfield of philosophy. It relates to nature of art, in addition to performing of arts as well as painting, sculpture and literature (Diffey T, 1995). Major concerns in aesthetic comprise of how artistic creations should be construed as well as assessed and how the arts are linked to one another, to natural beauty, morality, religious science as well as other crucial aspects of human life. The association between art and epistemology has been everlastingly tenuous and burdened with a lot of arguments (Diffey T, 1995). It is acknowledged that there is something meaningful from experiences as well as interactions with works of arts. However, it is not considered as obvious that whether or not the experiences one has with art can produce propositional understanding that is represented by true vindicated belief (Diffey T, 1995).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Whereas engaging objects aesthetically is both insightness and emotionally burdening practice, it is also essentially cognitive. Therefore, it can be said that aesthetic engagement is based on various epistemological concerns (Carroll N, 1998). For instance, philosophers claim to know about art. People say that they believed the play was good or bad, but the emotions it produced were called for, justified, manipulative or suitable. In most cases, people allege that they learn from art, that art alters their view of the world and that art has influence on the way they view as well as make sense of the world (Carroll N, 1998).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It also widely acknowledged that works of arts particularly good works of art, can cause view points about the world and can in turn offer knowledge concerning the world (Carroll N, 1998). However, what can exactly be known about art? Does art have any sort of propositional content that resembles the context that philosophers claim to require for other sort of knowledge claim?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The subject of whether philosophers have something to learn from artists revolves back to the period of Plato. Plato warned about the perils of making a fuss of mimetic as well as narrative demonstrations of the world and human actions. A practitioner of philosophy by his engagement with art permits certain emotions or activities that are able to facilitate or produce knowledge. It should be acknowledged that some aspects of art work that are able to produce greater understanding of the surrounding world (Carroll N, 1998).   In this case, art becomes a source of insight as well as awareness, even though it cannot be put into propositional language.   It can help people (philosophy practitioners) see the world in a new or different way (Carroll N, 1998).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They are often those who view art as being incapable of offering knowledge primarily because it does not generate any truth; they argue that since art cannot offer facts or produce arguments then there is nothing to learn from it (Diffey T, 1995).   They further argue that art cannot be acknowledged as a source of knowledge as it is not productive of knowledge, construed in the convectional sense of vindictive true belief. They assert that art is devoid of propositional content capable of being learnt the conventional way, whereas it has influences that promote knowledge and that can promote or weaken the development of understanding. Thus the net effect is to reject art as a source of knowledge as it does not offer true beliefs and furthermore because it does not as well as cannot vindicate the views that it does express (Diffey T, 1995).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, those who are for and those against concur that art is a source of knowledge, the only way that it can probably satisfy such a function be it that knowledge neglected something crucial to art’s nature as well as value (Diffey T, 1995). Plato articulates that it is possible for an artist to make a representation of a thing without having advance knowledge of his presentation.   For instance, painters represent cobblers when the painters have no idea how to make shoes, and poets write about virtue such as beauty and courage without any clear knowledge of these attributes (Carroll N, 1998). To Plato, it is only philosophers and moreover, those who struggle to intuit (feel) the forms and employ abstract reasoning are able to have know-how of these virtues.   To him, the same things exist even for the literary arts in particular.   He asserts that the more one engages in emotions brought about by representations, the more likely one is to suffer the influences of an unstable soul and finally the growth of bad attitude (Carroll N, 1998). Aristotle seems to have agreed with Plato that art influences the development of one’s moral character.   These two philosophers believed that people learn from art, however, Plato argued that the gained knowledge was harmful while Aristotle argued that it was beneficial (Carroll N, 1998). Going back to the period of renaissance and beyond it should be noted that the works of art such as poetry and fiction engages the emotions of a philosopher in a healthy way rather as opposed to detrimental manner (Bender J, 1993).   Some philosophers point out that there are there crucial types of knowledge claims that can be made concerning arts which are distinguished by objects. The first is what philosophers claim to know or believe concerning the art object itself and anything unreal or fictional worlds might be linked to that object. The second aspect of knowledge claim about art relates to what is known or believed to be appropriate emotional reaction to the art work. It is crucial to note at this point that works of art are correct, understood through having a certain kind of emotional response to them (Bender J, 1993). The only problem encountered in this course is that it is not possible to establish the kind of response that is appropriate in relation to a particular work of art (Bender J, 1993). The last kind of knowledge claim that is available as far as art is concerned relates to the nature of information art can offer about the whole world (Bender J, 1993). It is important to note that art affords imperative insight into the way philosophers order and understand the world. Art gives a certain degree of meaning to the lives of philosophers. Art, particularly literature, draws out novel views (beliefs) as well as new knowledge concerning the world (Bender J, 1993). Conclusion From the above, it is noteworthy that philosophy practitioners have a lot to learn from practitioners of art. It is important to acknowledge what constitutes knowledge so as to be able to understand how art impacts the subject. Reference Bender, John (1993).   â€Å"Art as a Source of Knowledge: Linking Analytic Aesthetics and Epistemology.† In Contemporary Philosophy of Art, ed. John Bender and Gene Blocker. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Carroll, Noel (1998). â€Å"Art, Narrative, and Moral Understanding.† In Aesthetics and Ethics: Essays at the Intersection, ed. Jerrold Levinson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Diffey, T .J (1995): â€Å"What Can We Learn From Art?† Australasian Journal of Philosophy 73 202-11.

Adulthood by Nikki Giovanni

Adulthood by Nikki Giovanni BY urnerl 203 Umer Rehman Professor : Boisson English:200 Adulthood Nikki Giovanni wrote many peoms , basically between the time of 1960s and 1970s. At the time of depression. Adulthood is one of the peoms written in the same time as well. Adulthood is a short story about a girl and which shows her childhood and gradually coming into adulthood. In this peom the Narrator tells us at many places about the economic status of the little girl in different ways.In the beginning â€Å"when i was a little girl in Indianapolis†, Indianapolis is a subarban area, not a good economy there. It has small towns there and so Just by this we can figure out that girl is not from a rich family or place. in the next line it says â€Å"sitting on the doctors porches with post dawn pre debs†. Sitting on the doctors porches refers to someone sitting on the steps and doing nothing. It shows as someone who has no Job or has nothing mportant to do, so they Just sit an d look around.It describes how the place where girl lives has people, who have not much t do and so they sit on door steps and kill time. when we read the next two lines of the peom, where is says â€Å"i wondered if life would give me a chance to mean†. it relates with the fact that she is sitting there doing nothing and thinking she is worthless, and hoping life gives her a chance to make herself mean something important rather than sitting here.Narrator also mentions the slang language being used again and again in the poem like â€Å"usta† and the informal way she uses like â€Å"and other bullshit stuff'. This potrays her surronding , how and where she is brought up, as the economic status is not good and we see where she Ilives is not with many educated people so the slang language is used alot. They talk about stuff which is not important while sitting and conversing,shows kind of place and people there are.

Multimedia Big Data Analysis Framework For Semantic...

%chapter{Conclusions and Future Work} chapter{CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK} label{chapter:Conclusions} section{Conclusions} In this dissertation a multimedia big data analysis framework for semantic information management and retrieval is presented. It contains three coherent components, namely multimedia semantic representation, multimedia concept classification and summarization, and multimedia temporal semantics analysis and ensemble learning. These three components are seamlessly integrated and act as a coherent entity to provide essential functionalities in the proposed information management and retrieval framework. More specifically: egin{itemize} item A novel correlation-based feature analysis method is presented to derive HCFGs for multimedia semantic retrieval on mobile devices. The proposed framework explores the mutual information from multiple modalities by performing correlation analysis for each feature pair and separating the original feature set into different HCFGs by using the affinity propagation algorithm at the feature level. Then, a novel fusion scheme is proposed to fuse the testing scores from selected HCFGs to obtain optimal performance. Finally, an iPad application is developed based on our proposed system with a user-feedback processing system to refine the retrieval results. item A hierarchical disaster image classification scheme based on textual and visual information fusion is proposed for enhancing disaster situation reports withShow MoreRelatedMultimedia Concept Detection For A Big Data Environment5682 Words   |  23 Pages Multimedia concept detection is a challenging topic due to the well known class imbalance issue especially in a big data environment. With the rapid growth of multimedia data such as audio, image and video, as well as text data, applying powerful data mining approaches is a necessity to tackle issues of large and imbalanced datasets. For this purpose, in this paper, an Importance Factor based Multiple Correspondence Analysis (IF-MCA) framework is proposed with MapReduce implementation for dealingRead MoreMultimedia Database : An Tool For Proper Organization Of Multimedia Entertainment2419 Words   |  10 Pagesentertainment is multimedia such as music, TV shows, movies, video games etc... There comes the significance of multimedia database, which is a fundamental tool for proper organization of multimedia entertainment. 2.0 INTRODUCTION Multimedia database is a powerful platform to organize and structure every day multimedia data. Traditionally, a database contains collection of data related to a given entity, while a database management system, or DBMS, is a collection of interrelated data with set ofRead MoreA Study On Big Data1643 Words   |  7 Pages.A STUDY ON BIG DATA ABSTRACTION Big data is a popular term which is used to describe the improvement and availability of data in both structured and unstructured data. Structure data is located in a fixed field within a record or file and the data is contained in relation data base and spreadsheet. Unstructured data files include text and multimedia. Data Big data describes extreme volume of data sets with sizes. Big data is defined with three v dimensions namely volume, velocity and variety, andRead MoreFeature Tracking And Visualization Of The Madden -julian Oscillation Essay3331 Words   |  14 Pagesintegrated analysis and also visualization framework for scientists to better understand the (MJO) Madden Julian Oscillation phenomenon from very large scale spatio temporal climate simulation data. In this the authors bring forward how the tight integration of MJO domain knowledge, data analysis techniques such as feature tracking and also visualization methods such as virtual globe can lead to powerful system fo r climate research. 2. Customizing Computational methods for Visual Analytics with Big DataRead MoreTim Berners Lee s The World Wide Web3385 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee who invented the World Wide Web and gave theoretical and technological background for a new hypertext based linked information system, pointed out the problem of keywords. Searching for a particular information, document or webpage is a far more complex and longer process then it should be, mainly because two people never seem to choose the same keyword for the same concept. (Berners-Lee, 1990) This problem becomes more and more acute as we enter the age ofRead MoreInformation Technology And Its Rapid Growth Of Emerging Application3174 Words   |  13 Pages â€Æ' Table of Contents Acknowledgement Summary 1. Introduction 1.1 Big data 1.2 Data volume 1.3 Data variety 1.4 Data velocity 2. Pairing big data and cloud computing 3. Big data processing mechanism 4. Cloud data management 5. Challenges Impact and Risk in big data management 6. Big data cloud solution 6.1 Distributed file system 6.2 Non structured and semi structured data storage 6.3 Open source cloud platform 6.4 Application and optimization 7. Conclusion 8. ReferencesRead MoreBig Data And Its Impact On The Improvement And Availability Of Data2412 Words   |  10 PagesABSTRACT Big data is a popular term used to describe the improvement and availability of data in both structured and unstructured formats. Structure data is located in a fixed field within a record or file and it is present in the relational data bases and spreadsheets whereas an unstructured data file includes text and multimedia contents. The primary objective of this big data concept is to describe the extreme volume of data sets i.e. both structured and unstructured. It is further defined withRead MoreBig Data Management From Relational Database Management10108 Words   |  41 Pagesdevices in 2016 alone [2], unprecedented amount of data is being generated and processed daily and increasingly every year. With the advent of web 2.0, the growth and creation of new and more complex types of data has created a natural demand for analysis of new data sources in order to gain knowledge. This new data volume and complexity is being called Big Data, famously characterised by Volume, Variety an d Velocity and has created data management and processing challenges due to technological limitationsRead MoreData Management And Information Systems7697 Words   |  31 Pagesconnected devices by 2016 [2], unprecedented amount of data is being generated and process daily and increasing every year. The advent of web 2.0 has fueled the growth and creation of new and more complex types of data which creates a natural demand to analyze new data sources in order to gain knowledge. This new data volume and complexity of the data is being called Big Data, famously characterised by Volume, Variety and Velocity; has created data management and processing challenges due to technologicalRead MoreData Management And Information Systems9234 Words   |  37 Pagesconnected devices by 2016 [2], unprecedented amount of data is being generated and process daily and increasing every year. The advent of web 2.0 has fueled the growth and creation of new and more complex types of data which creates a natural demand to analyze new data sources in order to gain knowledge. This new data volume and complexity of the data is being called Big Data, famously characterised by Volume, Variety and Velocity; has created data management and processing challenges due to technological

The Current Rate Of Adoption - 3094 Words

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY An oft-heard phrase in education has become both a directive and a duty for educators: â€Å"We must meet students where they are.† This phrase refers to an obligation to meet students’ needs by matching instructional methods to their levels and preferences. In this era of rapid technological innovation and change, many students have embraced the use of Social Networking Sites (SNS) such as Facebook and spend much of their time in its virtual spaces. Despite its popularity with college students, it is unclear if university faculty educators feel that SNSs are appropriate places to go to meet their students’ needs. This study seeks to explore this question by comparing faculty and students as to their†¦show more content†¦211). While many SNSs are in the early stages of development, the adoption of the concept has been rapid. The study proposed here focuses specifically on the adoption of SNSs by students and faculty in higher education. Though SNSs have attained remarkable popularity, Facebook has become the most popular, particularly among people of ages 17 to 25 (Melber, 2008). Recent studies indicate that the number of older users is increasing rapidly (Kirkpatrick, 2009), but currently more than 90% of college students have a Facebook account (Haywoode, 2010; Loveland, 2011). Thus, the substantial number of college students using this technology has compelled many educators to wonder if there are potential benefits for the use of Facebook to support education. According to Santovex (2006), colleges and universities can use Facebook to â€Å"engage students academically and build relationships with faculty† (p. 5). As retention has become a focal point for many universities, several studies have suggested methods for universities to manage retention more effectively. John N. Gardner, founder and senior fellow of the National Resource Center for The First-Year Experience and Students in Transitions, has visited many campuses, proposing to student-affairs professionals that involvement and sense of connectedness

Merriem Webster Dictionary Defines Ethics As The Principles

Merriem Webster Dictionary defines ethics as the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group; a guiding philosophy (Ethic). Moral concepts governing a groups behavior cannot â€Å"be examined and understood apart from their history (MacIntyre, 1). Behavior that is seen as good and bad is depicted in ancient literature and poems. Iliad occurs during the Trojan War, circa 500 BC. Socrates (circa 470/469 – 399 BC) is known as one of the founders of modern philosophy; the Socratic Method is a tool used to foster understanding and resolution of moral and ethical concerns. The Dead Sea Scrolls which form much of the foundation of The Bible date as far back as 408 BC. The development of moral concepts and ethical behavior is a work in†¦show more content†¦The document parallels the thought process of the 1920s â€Å"that character was a significant factor in determining right action† (Epstein and Turner, 2015). The first official Code of Ethics for Nurse s in the United States was implemented in 1950 and detailed 17 provisions of anticipated performance amongst the nursing profession. The current code has been modified and adapted several times so as to keep up with the demands of society and now contains 9 general provisions along with subdivisions. The expectation that nurses collaborate with other professions and treat all individuals with reverence can be found speckled throughout the code. Provision 1 states â€Å"the nurse practice with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes of every person.† Provision 1.5 elaborates on â€Å"Relationships with Colleagues and Others† by asserting â€Å"respect for persons extends to all individuals with whom the nurse interacts† (ANA, 2015). Provision 2.3 mandates that â€Å"the complexity of health care requires collaborative effort that has the strong support and active participation of all health professions [and] nurses should foster collaborative planning† (ANA, 2015). Provision 3.5 describes a chain of command for intervening and acting on the practices of others within the healthcare team that â€Å"place the rights or best interests of the patient in jeopardy† beginning with the individual responsible. Finally, Provision 8 reads, â€Å"The nurse collaborates with

Social Marketing Developing Positive Attitude

Question: Discuss about the Social Marketing for Developing Positive Attitude. Answer: Introduction This report is basically discussed about the communication plan of a non-profit organization. The report will mainly cover the services of organization with the literature support, objective of the campaign, target market, SWOT analysis, marketing mix and attention message for the customers. For the discussion, an Australian non-profit organization named Starlight Chldrens foundation has been taken. The topic of discussion is to Challenge a negative behavior or encourage a positive behavior towards the issue of homelessness. This non-profit organization helps and provides services to the homeless people. The organization helps the young people who are homeless or going to be homeless. It has been seen that the homelessness is becoming serious issue day by day in the Australian society. The reason of being homeless is domestic violence and family breakdown. It is impacting the lives of young people as they are being violent and losing their physical and mental health status. So, there is the need to address this issue for the good outcome in the future (Starlight Chldrens foundation, 2016). Literature support The non-profit organization can be understood as the type of organization which operates for the public interest in the society and enjoys the tax-free incentives in the market. Such kind of organizations spends their earnings on the wellbeing of the society and the people. They do not distribute their earnings among the people. There is the need of the organization like Starlight Chldrens foundation in the country as there are many critical situations in the society. The organization targets homeless people because homelessness is the serious issue in the Australian society now days. This situation is getting worse in the society as there is the lack of suitable housing for young people. The young people having the age of 12 to 14 are being homeless due to family breakdown and domestic violence. As the result, they are facing many issues such as disconnection with the family or friends, absence of feeling of security in the mind, and loss of basic requirements i.e. shelter, safety a nd food etc. People have to change their attitude towards their livings to prevent form the issue of homeless. It has been observed in a survey that the problem of homelessness is getting worse in 2016 as compared to last 20 years (Ritchie Weinberg, 2000). For this manner, organization is providing outreach services to those youth who have no homes. This kind of organization has significance in the society as it works for the interest of the public by acting as charity. Basically, it can be said about the non-profit organization that the organization that does not have the aim to make any kind of profit and serves for the public interest. The only aim of such kind of organization is the welfare of the society (Vessenes, 2003). The program/campaign focus The organization Starlight Chldrens foundation operates in the society same as its name. The organization helps those people who have no home. The organization provides many services to improve the lives of helpless people. Organization provides various services such as community ownership, mentoring, mobile youth outreach and wellbeing of the people in the society. The objective of the organization is to resolve family conflicts and remove the economic and financial burden from the people by the effective services (Alam, 2014). Based on the current situation of the society, there is the need to create the awareness about the negative behavior among the people. It is important for the people to understand that due to conflicts in the home and family breakdowns, children are facing negative impact. So, Starlight Chldrens foundation needs to conduct a communication campaign through social media. Today, almost every person is using social media. Providing message by the social media such as Facebook and Twitter, organization will be able to generate a safe environment for the children (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker, Brennan, 2012). SWOT analysis SWOT analysis of non-profit organization is similar like the analysis of other organizations. There are many factors in the non-profit organization such as goodwill, helping staff, and fundraising that other organizations do not have. A non-profit organization shuld do SWOT analysis at the time of planning of communication campaign (Andreasen Kotler, 2003). The SWOT analysis of Starlight Chldrens foundation is as follows: One of the big strength the organization has is the tax exemption. The organization provides the services such as mobile outreach, mentoring etc, in which the customers do not pay and sales tax and service tax. Along with this, there are very helping staff in the stores of the organization. They are very helping in providing better quality of services to the needed people. So, helpful staff is very crucial part of the organization. Starlight Chldrens foundation always takes advantage by these factors as various types of employees are always ready to help the society (Basil, 2011). There is one of the weaknesses that the Starlight Chldrens foundation has. The weakness is that the organization hardly includes its expenses with revenue. So, there can be the organization related to budget. Along with this, Starlight Chldrens foundation needs more support from the government and charity. Further, there is limited number of staff so; it can be the cause of problem in maintaining the programs efficiently. Charity and the government support can be the opportunity for the organization to conduct the program. But it is very critical for the organization to find those donations and apply them. Along with this, collaboration with the other organization can be the better opportunity for the organization to create the awareness about the issues in the society. With this, the use of social media will also be useful for the organization. Sometimes, non-profit organization has to face many economic crises because they are dependent on the charity and government support. So, the stores of Starlight Chldrens foundation have to face many difficulties to operate the business. The organization should not be dependent on the support of others as future is uncertain. A small disgrace can damage the operations of the organization. There is one more threat of high poverty in the society (Basil, Deshpande, Runte, 2008). Appropriate target market Target market is the crucial factor in the creating communication message. Selecting appropriate target market would be helpful for the organization to understand the interests, needs, taste and hobbies of the customers. In case of Starlight Chldrens foundation, it is a non-profit organization. Non-profit organization does not have particular customers so; it has to find out the people in the society who want need. The organization will basically target the youth of the Australian society. Homeless is the serious issue in the community. So, the organization will mainly focus on young people having the age of 12 to 25. The organization will fulfill the basic requirements such as home, food and security. Along with this, the adults who are using social media also will be the target audience of the organization (Williamson, 2009). The Starlight Chldrens foundation is targeting the youth in the society. The main reason of targeting the youth is that they are the main pillar of the society. They need proper and right direction so that they would be able to live their lives without any pressure. So, the organization has the aim to provide the services so that they can grow in their lives with the safe and bright future. Along with this, consumers have psychological mindset. They always give preference to those services, in which they find stability. So, the organization will try to provide those services by which they will get stability in terms of home, shelter and basic requirements (Liao, Foreman, Sargeant, 2001). Product refers to those tangible ideas that can be provided by the company to help the customers. In the case of Starlight Chldrens foundation, the company is providing services to the people instead of products. The services are for the young people who are feeling helpless in the society due to being homeless. By providing shelter and basic necessities, organization will serve human beings in the society in Australia. Price should be such which can be afford by the target audience. In the case of profit organization, it can be in terms of money such as dollar or pound. But, in case of non-profit organization, it requires some intangible sources such as efforts, time, and engagement with the organization because the aim of the campaign is to increase the awareness about the issues of homelessness among the society. The campaign of the organization Starlight Chldrens foundation is about creating awareness with the social media so; it requires the time and effort from the target audience (Hill, Provost Volinsky, 2006). Place /Distribution It is clear that the organization Starlight Chldrens foundation is conducting a campaign for the society of Australia so that the children can get bright future. The organization will chose social media platform for the distribution of the information. Social media tool will be effective platform for the organization to create awareness about the issues that children are facing (Brace-Govan, Brady, Brennan Conduit, 2011). Online media can be used as the promotional platform for the campaign as the online marketing is the most popular tool for the marketing. It is assumed that the social media such as Youtube, facebook and Twitter will be used in the campaign. It is estimated that 55% market will be covered by Facebook, 22% market will be covered by Youtube and 22% will be covered by Twitter (Kaplan, Andreas Haenlein, 2010). In the message, the information regarding campaign will be provided. For the safe and secure future of the children, there is the need to create effective communication message for the target audiences. The aim of the organization is to create the awareness about the issues of homelessness among the target audience. The campaign will have a unique message i.e. encourage a positive behavior (providing safe environment to children). In this campaign, the message will be send to the target customers by various tools such as email, facebook, and Twitter. Along with this, public relations will also be used to get the feedback about the campaign (Courtney, 2002). Evaluate the effectiveness of message The organization Starlight Chldrens foundation provides services to the society as the organization knows that once the people perceive the services good, they will always give preference to the services of the organization. It is important to evaluate the effectiveness of the campaign by proper monitoring. By monitoring before campaign, mid of the campaign and after campaign, organization will be able to analyze the effectiveness of the campaign process. By the feedback from the customers, and direct talk with the people organization will be able to know that campaign is successful in its campaign objective or not (Kerr Patti, 2002). Conclusion This report is basically a communication plan for encouraging positive behavior towards the issue of homelessness in Australia. From the analysis, it has been observed that non-profit organization has importance in the society as it works for the interest of the public by acting as charity. Such kind of organizations spends their earnings on the wellbeing of the society and the people. They do not distribute their earnings among the people. So, there is the need of the organization like Starlight Chldrens foundation in the country as there are many critical situations in the society. References Alam, M.M., (2014). Market Orientation and Innovation: Are They Related Concepts: International Journal of Trends in Economics Management and Technology. 3(6). pp. 1721. Andreasen, A.R. Kotler, P., (2003). Strategic Marketing for Non-profit Organizations. NJ: Prentice-Hall. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R., (2012). Marketing : An Introduction. Pearson Prentice-Hall, London, London Basil, D.Z, Deshpande, S. Runte, M., (2008). The Impact of Cause-related Marketing on Nonprofit Organizations: International Nonprofit and Social Marketing Conference. University of Wollongong Basil, M., (2011). Marketing and social enterprises: implications for social marketing: Journal of Social Marketing. 5(4), pp.285 306 Brace-Govan, J., Brady, E., Brennan, L., Conduit, J., (2011). Market Orientation and marketing in nonprofit organisations Indications for fundraising from Victoria: International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing. 16(1). pp. 8498. Courtney, R. (2002). Strategic Management for Voluntary and Non-profit Organisations. UK: Routledge Kerr Patti, (2002). Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC): Where to from here. Retrieved on 6th January 2017 from https://www.anzmac.org/conference_archive/2002/papers/pdfs/p296_kerr.pdf Liao, M., Foreman, S. Sargeant, A., (2001). Market versus societal orientation in the non-profit context: International Journal of Non-profit and Voluntary Sector Marketing. 6(3). pp. 254268 Starlight Chldrens foundation, (2016). Who We Are. Retrieved on 6th January 2017 from https://starlight.org.au/ Ritchie, R.J.B. Weinberg C. B., (2000). A typology of nonprofit competition: Insights for social marketers. Social Marketing Quarterly. 6(3). 64-71. Vessenes, P., (2003). Cash Is King, but Marketing Is Everything. Journal of Financial Planning. 16(2). Williamson, D., (2009). Marketing Communications in Non-profit Organizations. Centre for Public and Non-profit Leadership. Georgetown University. Kaplan, Andreas M. Haenlein, M., (2010). "Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media". Business Horizons 53 (1): 5968. Hill, S., Provost, F., Volinsky, C. (2006). "Network-Based Marketing: Identifying Likely Adopters Via Consumer Networks," Statistical Science. 21(2). pp. 256-276.

Jason Nikouyeh Essays - File Sharing, 105th United States Congress

Jason Nikouyeh Professor Willis English 111, Section 133 4 November 1999 Technology is Changing the Way We Listen to Music Downloading MP3s from the Internet should be made legal. An MP3 is a near CD quality digital recording of a musical piece that is compressed so it can be distributed through the Internet (Simple Net). High prices, new technology, and availability are causing most music lovers to turn to the Internet to listen to their music. It's convenient to search a computer database for a song you've been wanting to hear by your favorite artist, download it, and copy it on to a CD. More and more people are doing this because with the help of search engines it's possible to find any song imaginable and download it for free. What most people don't realize is that the reproduction of a musical work, distribution of copies of a musical piece, and the public performance of the work without the copyright owner's consent are all violations of copyright laws (Anderman and Paez 5). However, they do know that getting caught for this crime is very unlikely. Catching those who violate copyright laws is very tricky because in most cases it's hard to tell who is at fault. Because of very detailed, complicated copyright laws even prosecuting a web site for promoting pirated music is almost too difficult to attempt. New digital audio compression technologies have made promoting, distributing, and selling music very easy (5). Sound files called MPEG 1 Layer 3 or MP3 for short allow users to download digital quality music for free over the Internet. These compressed audio files can be played on an individual's computer by using special software. With the help of CD-writers, a relatively new computer technology that allows people to create there own CDs, illegal copies of the copyrighted material can be made at near compact disc quality (Anderman and Paez 6). Portable MP3 players have now been developed that make pirating songs even easier. Instead of having to search for and buy expensive music, people are simply downloading the songs they want and designing their own CDs or just listening to the music on an MP3 player. In any case these new technologies are concerning the music industry because composers and production companies are losing a tremendous amount of money (MacDonald 1). The increasing popularity of MP3s has resulted in the need for copyright law reforms. Because MP3s violate copyright laws, service providers have to take extreme precautions to avoid liability for copyright infringement (Anderman and Paez 7). The first of many says that service providers are not liable if the provider doesn't start the transmission of the audio file nor manually carry out the copying process (8). The provider can not select the recipients, nor can the transmissions make any changes to the online material (8). The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, otherwise known as DMCA, addresses many issues associated with copyright infringement and rules for digital audio transmission over the Internet. It deals with many issues that include anti-piracy provisions, liability for online copyright infringement, and requirements for digital music delivery (1). These reforms, designed to protect the Internet Service Providers from liability, make catching individuals who break copyrig ht laws very hard. It's difficult for providers of interactive web sites and networks to search through all of their hosted web sites for pirated materials so in order for them to be shielded from liability, they can't have anyway of knowing about the pirated material stored on their server. If the provider is notified of the infringing material, they have to stop accessing to the particular web site immediately. There are many specific rules that the providers must follow in order to avoid blame for copyright infringement if one of their web pages is hosting pirated materials (Anderman and Paez 8). Deciding whether or not copyright laws were violated intentionally is too difficult because there are two types of copyright infringement, direct and indirect (7). If someone makes a digital copy of a musical work such as a MP3 and makes it available for downloading on the Internet, they have directly violated copyright laws. Direct copyright infringement occurs when a person knowingly makes illegal copies of copyrighted material and distributes it to the public